They actually have a smaller class. In Oklahoma it is 4 infants to one teacher and 6 toddlers, ages 12 months to 24 months to one teacher. So they are not as full as we would be.
Biting happens, it happens with the teacher standing right there, it happens when they are playing side by side, it happens at nap time when they are trying to lay down, it happens at meal time, etc....I think there are actually weeks at a time that someone gets bit every day. I do not work the toddler room, I like my kids school age. They can entertain themselves very well.
This is normal behavior for toddlers and even all the way up to the 3 yr. old classroom. It will be the same at every child care setting. This is a totally normal behavior. They can only address it by helping the biter to have more chew time and some other intervention style actions. It may not even help.
Every had a toothache? Did it feel good to bite down on something and just wriggle that tooth around sometimes? Ever been so frustrated you could feel your jaw hurting from gritting your teeth? Somewhere back there you had those same feelings and biting was perhaps your way of acting out those feelings. You grew out of that stage or learned a different way to deal with it. The child care workers might be working with this child every day. The only thing you can do is understand they are most likely trying to keep it from happening. It will happen again though. When one starts another will start. It is a normal behavior.
As for the other concerns you can always call the local licensing agency and report what you saw. That way they can observe the kids outside and see how the teachers interact with the kids and perhaps have the director work with the teachers on watching those older kids more closely.
And FYI, moms, the state regulates when a child moves up, the director or staff have no say in it whatsoever. If they have a birthday they are that age group. For example, a 2 yr. old that turns 3 that day is now a 3 yr. old and must move to the 3 yr. old classroom to keep staff ratio's correct.
I had a fellow director who had a little girl who the mom refused to allow them to move her up. The licensing inspector came that afternoon, it was her birthday that day, and when she was checking ages and ratio's she made the staff pick up the cot and take the sleeping child and her belongings to the next classroom up. She told them they knew better and she gave them an infraction.
The state dictates the ages in the classroom and the ratio's. Not the child care business.
On page 15 it states the regulations regarding staff ratio's. On page 57 there is a ratio chart.
http://www.okdhs.org/NR/rdonlyres/C9944354-C005-45D1-A40A-F5AE980D5573/0/8408_2010CCCentersLicReq_occs_10012010.pdf